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Chicago Tunnel Company
The Chicago Tunnel Company built a narrow gauge railway freight tunnel network under the downtown of the city of Chicago. This was regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission as an interurban despite the fact that it operated entirely under central Chicago, did not carry passengers, and was entirely underground.〔William Clark, Vanishing in America – Interurban Trolley, (Chicago Tribune ), Jul. 6, 1958; page A9.〕 It inspired the construction of the London Post Office Railway.〔(Unofficial MailRail Website )〕
==History==
The city of Chicago granted the newly formed Illinois Telephone and Telegraph company the rights to construct utility tunnels under the streets of Chicago in 1899 to carry its planned network of telephone cables. Initial plans for the tunnels called for filling them with phone cables, leaving a by passage for maintenance. When the city refused to permit manholes through which cable could be unreeled into the tunnels, the plans were changed to include rails for hauling cable spools through the tunnels.〔George W. Jackson, Scope, Extent and Construction of the Underground Conduits of the Illinois Telephone and Telegraph Co. in Chicago, Presented Sept. 17, 1902, (Journal of the Western Society of Engineers ), Vol. VII, No. 5 (Oct. 1902); page 479. Note: Illustrated.〕〔George W. Jackson, Tunnel Construction: In Chicago – Method of Driving and Constructing So As Not To Disturb the Surface, (Mines and Minerals ), Vol. XXIII, No. 6 (Jan. 1903); page 248. Note: Illustrated.〕〔George W. Jackson, Underground Conduits in Chicago, (Page's Engineering Weekly ), Vol II, No. 3 (March 1903); page 317. Note: Illustrated.〕 The city was largely unaware of the nature of the tunneling, and the first of tunnel were excavated somewhat covertly, working from the basement of a saloon and carting away the spoil after midnight.〔Obituary, George W. Jackson, (Engineering and Contracting ), Vol. 57, No. 6 (Feb. 8, 1922); page 144.〕
Initially, the intended purpose of the narrow gauge railroad below the telephone cables was limited to hauling out excavation debris and hauling cable spools during the installation of telephone lines,〔Appendix VIII. Tours of Inspection organized by the American Railway Association, Chicago, (May 20, 21 and 22, 1905), Tunnel System of the Illinois Tunnel Company, (Bulletin of the International Railway Congress ), Vol. XIX, No. 7 ;page 2098.〕 but in 1903, the company renegotiated its franchise to allow the use of this railroad for freight and mail service. In early 1905, the system was taken over by the Illinois Tunnel Company. By this time, of a projected of tunnel had been completed.〔George W. Jackson, Freight Tunnels in Chicago, (The Methodist Magazine and Review ), vol. LXII, No. 3 (Sept. 1905);page 280.〕〔George W. Jackson, Freight Tunnels in Chicago, (The Independent ), Vol LVII, No. 2918 (Nov. 3, 1904);page 1018. Note: Illustrated.〕 The actual construction work was subcontracted to the Illinois Telephone Construction Company, under the management of George W. Jackson (1861–1922).〔Frank C. Perkins, An Electric Underground Freight Railway, (Modern Machinery ), Vol XVIII, No. 6 (Dec. 1905); page 321. Note: Illustrated; this article is almost identical to Jackson's 1905 article.〕〔George W. Jackson, The Chicago Freight Subway, (The Americana – A Universal Reference Library ), Volume 4, Scientific American, 1905; page 345. Note: This article is almost word for word identical to Perkins' 1905 article.〕〔George W. Jackson Dies, (New York Times ), Feb. 6, 1922; page 10. Note: The date of death was Feb. 2, 1922.〕〔Jackson, George Washington, (The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography ), Vol. XIV, Supplement 1, James T. White, 1910; Page 401.〕
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